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Energy consumption: 180.26456 kWh/a | Renewable energy: 0%
ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) regulations for crypto assets aim to address their environmental impact (e.g., energy-intensive mining), promote transparency, and ensure ethical governance practices to align the crypto industry with broader sustainability and societal goals. These regulations encourage compliance with standards that mitigate risks and foster trust in digital assets.
| Name | Coinmotion Ltd |
| Relevant legal entity identifier | 2135881-0 |
| Name of the crypto-asset | StarkNet Token |
| Consensus Mechanism | StarkNet Token is present on the following networks: Ethereum, Starknet. The crypto-asset's Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, introduced with The Merge in 2022, replaces mining with validator staking. Validators must stake at least 32 ETH every block a validator is randomly chosen to propose the next block. Once proposed the other validators verify the blocks integrity. The network operates on a slot and epoch system, where a new block is proposed every 12 seconds, and finalization occurs after two epochs (~12.8 minutes) using Casper-FFG. The Beacon Chain coordinates validators, while the fork-choice rule (LMD-GHOST) ensures the chain follows the heaviest accumulated validator votes. Validators earn rewards for proposing and verifying blocks, but face slashing for malicious behavior or inactivity. PoS aims to improve energy efficiency, security, and scalability, with future upgrades like Proto-Danksharding enhancing transaction efficiency. Starknet employs zero-knowledge rollups (ZK-Rollups) for transaction aggregation and scalability, ensuring efficiency and security through succinct proof submissions to Ethereum. Core Components: Zero-Knowledge Rollups (ZK-Rollups): Aggregates multiple off-chain transactions into a single proof, which is submitted to Ethereum's mainnet, reducing computational load and gas costs. Sequencer and Prover Roles: Sequencers: Order and batch transactions for efficient processing. Provers: Generate validity proofs ensuring the correctness of processed batches. Instant Finality: Transactions are final once a proof is verified and accepted on Ethereum, minimizing the risk of chain reorganizations and enhancing reliability. |
| Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees | StarkNet Token is present on the following networks: Ethereum, Starknet. The crypto-asset's PoS system secures transactions through validator incentives and economic penalties. Validators stake at least 32 ETH and earn rewards for proposing blocks, attesting to valid ones, and participating in sync committees. Rewards are paid in newly issued ETH and transaction fees. Under EIP-1559, transaction fees consist of a base fee, which is burned to reduce supply, and an optional priority fee (tip) paid to validators. Validators face slashing if they act maliciously and incur penalties for inactivity. This system aims to increase security by aligning incentives while making the crypto-asset's fee structure more predictable and deflationary during high network activity. Starknet's incentive model combines transaction fees and plans for future staking rewards to support network operations and security. Incentive Mechanisms: Transaction Fees: Users pay fees in Ether (ETH) to compensate sequencers and cover the cost of proof submission and storage on Ethereum. Dynamic Fee Model: Fees adjust based on transaction complexity and resource requirements, ensuring fair cost distribution and efficient network usage. Future Staking Rewards: Planned staking mechanisms will incentivize participants to lock their STARK tokens, enhancing network security and governance. |
| Beginning of the period | 2025-07-27 |
| End of the period | 2026-07-27 |
| Energy consumption | 180.26456 (kWh/a) |
| Energy consumption resources and methodologies | The energy consumption of this asset is aggregated across multiple components: To determine the energy consumption of a token, the energy consumption of the network(s) ethereum, starknet is calculated first. For the energy consumption of the token, a fraction of the energy consumption of the network is attributed to the token, which is determined based on the activity of the crypto-asset within the network. When calculating the energy consumption, the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) is used - if available - to determine all implementations of the asset in scope. The mappings are updated regularly, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation. The information regarding the hardware used and the number of participants in the network is based on assumptions that are verified with best effort using empirical data. In general, participants are assumed to be largely economically rational. As a precautionary principle, we make assumptions on the conservative side when in doubt, i.e. making higher estimates for the adverse impacts. |
| Renewable energy consumption | 0% |
| Energy intensity | 0 (kWh) |
| Scope 1 DLT GHG emissions - Controlled | 0 (tCO2e/a) |
| Scope 2 DLT GHG emissions - Purchased | 0 (tCO2e/a) |
| GHG intensity | 0 (kgCO2e) |
| Key energy sources and methodologies | |
| Key GHG sources and methodologies |
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